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IGNOU BPSC 132 Solved Assignment 2024-25
IGNOU BPSC 132 Solved Assignment 2024–2025: Indian government and politics represent a dynamic and complex system that has evolved over time to accommodate the diverse and pluralistic nature of Indian society. The political framework of India is grounded in its Constitution, which was adopted in 1950 and serves as the supreme law of the land. The Constitution establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic, with a parliamentary system of government. It delineates the structure and functions of the various branches of government—executive, legislature, and judiciary—and enshrines fundamental rights and duties that guide the relationship between the state and its citizens.
The Indian political system is characterized by its federal structure, where power is divided between the central government and the states. This division of power is crucial for managing India’s vast geographical expanse and its cultural, linguistic, and religious diversity. However, the Indian federal system is unique in that it exhibits both federal and unitary features, often described as “quasi-federal.” While states have significant autonomy in certain areas, the central government retains overriding authority in matters of national importance. This balance of power has been a subject of ongoing debate, especially in the context of state demands for greater autonomy and the central government’s role in maintaining national unity.
Political parties play a central role in Indian government and politics. India has a multi-party system, with both national and regional parties vying for power at various levels of government. The Indian National Congress (INC) and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) are the two major national parties, but regional parties like the Trinamool Congress, Shiv Sena, and Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam also hold significant influence in their respective states. The presence of multiple parties reflects the diverse political landscape of India, where regional identities and issues often shape electoral outcomes. Coalition governments have become a common feature of Indian politics, especially at the national level, where no single party often wins a decisive majority.
The functioning of Indian democracy is also deeply influenced by the role of the judiciary, particularly the Supreme Court of India, which acts as the guardian of the Constitution. The judiciary has the power of judicial review, enabling it to strike down laws and executive actions that are deemed unconstitutional. Over the years, the Supreme Court has played a pivotal role in interpreting the Constitution and protecting civil liberties. Landmark judgments, such as those related to the right to privacy, the decriminalization of homosexuality, and the expansion of the right to education, demonstrate the judiciary’s commitment to upholding democratic principles and human rights.
In conclusion, Indian government and politics are defined by the interplay of various institutions, political parties, and legal frameworks that together shape the country’s governance. The system is designed to accommodate the complexities of India’s social fabric while ensuring that democratic values are upheld. Despite challenges such as political corruption, social inequality, and regional tensions, India’s democratic system has shown resilience and adaptability. Understanding the intricacies of Indian government and politics is essential for appreciating how the world’s largest democracy functions and addresses the aspirations of over a billion people.